Explore the evolving bond between humans and their pets, where pet ownership in India is on the rise. Delve into the legal aspects governing this relationship, from constitutional provisions to responsible ownership, pet registration, breeding regulations, and the role of pet welfare organizations

The bond between humans and their pets has grown stronger over the years, resulting in an increase in pet ownership in India. According to the India International Pet Trade Fair’s data, approximately 60,000 new pets find homes annually in India. As more and more people bring furry companions into their homes, it becomes essential to understand the legal aspects that govern pet ownership in the country.

Laws & provisions of pet ownership in India

The Constitution reflects a commitment to the well-being of animals, highlighting three articles that underscore it. Article 51A (G) establishes a fundamental duty for citizens to protect wildlife and treat all living creatures in the nation with compassion. Article 48 pertains to agriculture and animal husbandry, emphasizing the State’s responsibility to ensure these activities are conducted scientifically and without causing harm to living beings. Article 48A outlines the State’s duty to safeguard and enhance the country’s forests and wildlife.

These constitutional provisions have led to the development of various laws and legal sections. The Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (PCA) Act of 1960 is one that aims to prevent and minimize any unwarranted pain and suffering experienced by animals. The Animal Welfare Board of India (AWBI) has issued a comprehensive set of regulations, guidelines, and rules for both dog owners and Resident Welfare Associations (RWAs).

AWBI’s guidelines

The guidelines issued by the Animal Welfare Board of India encompass several important principles that pet owners should be well-informed about to ensure the proper care of their pets and promote peaceful coexistence within communities. Firstly, recognizing that pets are akin to family members, these guidelines underscore that no circumstance should lead owners to abandon their beloved companions. Furthermore, understanding that barking constitutes a natural form of communication for animals, particularly dogs, these guidelines emphasize the need for society to exhibit tolerance, even in the case of loud barking.

Ensuring the health and regular vaccination of pets is another key aspect highlighted in these guidelines. Notably, independent associations and societies lack the authority to impose fines and regulations regarding pet faeces unless such regulations align with state laws. These guidelines also prohibit the compulsory use of muzzles on pets except within the confines of a veterinary clinic. Importantly, the guidelines even address the practice of imposing complete bans on pets in residential settings. The apartments are legally barred from instituting bans on pets using building elevators. The notification from AWBI even discourages the prohibition of pets from parks and shared spaces, underlining the significance of regular exercise for the physical and mental well-being of pets. These guidelines are designed to protect both pet owners from potential harassment and the natural welfare of their animals.

Even if a majority of members within an apartment association or society support such a ban, these guidelines clarify that imposing a blanket prohibition on pets within the premises is not legally sanctioned, reinforcing the rights of pet owners within their communities.

Also read: Revolutionizing Pet Care – India’s Top 5 Emerging Pet Care Companies.

Responsible Pet Ownership in India

Pet owners have some responsibility for their pets as well as the society they live in. Owning a pet comes with a set of responsibilities that every pet owner should be aware of. These responsibilities include providing adequate food, water, shelter, and medical care to your pet. Neglecting these essential aspects can result in legal consequences, including fines or even the confiscation of the pet.

Pet owners are responsible for ensuring that their pets do not pose a threat to public safety. This means keeping aggressive or highly alert ones under control, through proper training or other security measures. They are recommended to use leashes when taking their pets for walks in communal spaces. This practice is beneficial as it guarantees the safety of not only your pet but also fellow residents. It is strongly advised that pet owners responsibly clean up after their animals. They can even work together with other residents to establish designated zones where pets can comfortably relieve themselves. Both parties should also readjust the timings of parks or shared spaces so it does not create inconvenience for others and the animals can get their much-needed exercise.

Pet Registration

Apart from adhering to legal guidelines, pet owners in India are now required to register their pets with local municipal authorities, representing a significant step towards fostering pet-friendly communities. Pet registration offers various advantages, including providing pet owners with an official identity for their animals and establishing a database for area-specific information. This registration facilitates the swift tracking of registered pets in case they get lost and assists authorities in ensuring that pets receive necessary vaccinations and proper care. It can also serve as proof of ownership in the event of disputes.

Different cities have distinct methods and associated fees for pet registration under their respective municipal corporations. It is advisable for pet owners to familiarize themselves with the specific requirements of each city and proceed with registering their pets. This registration serves various purposes, such as mitigating issues for pet owners in the event of incidents like pet bites, locating the pets, enabling their participation in dog and cat shows, and contributing to the prevention of illegal breeding practices.

Breeding and Sale of Pets

Another critical aspect of pet ownership in India relates to the breeding and sale of pets. Irresponsible breeding practices, often referred to as ‘puppy mills,’ can lead to the mistreatment and exploitation of animals. In response to this, there are certain rules in India to govern the breeding and sale of pets.

Commercial dog breeding in India is subject to regulation through the rules established under the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act of 1960. These regulations are detailed in the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (Dog Breeding and Marketing) Rules, 2017. As per Section 3 of these rules, any breeder engaging in dog breeding and the sale of dogs and puppies must obtain the necessary certification for registration from the State Animal Welfare Board, or they cannot carry out or continue with these activities. The Second Schedule to the Rules outlines specific standards for breeding, housing conditions, veterinary care, cleanliness, feeding, exercise, etc. must be maintained within a breeding establishment.

As outlined in Section 5 of the Second Schedule, only healthy female dogs that have reached eighteen months of age should be used for breeding (Section 5.2), and no female dog should be made to produce litters in two consecutive breeding seasons (Section 5.3), only one litter should be produced per year, and artificial or unnatural breeding methods are prohibited (Section 5.5). Additionally, no female dog should be subjected to giving birth to more than five litters of puppies during her lifetime (Section 5.6).

To obtain registration under these Rules, breeders must provide comprehensive information, including details about the breeding establishment’s accommodation, infrastructure, and arrangements along with the qualifications and experience of the breeder. Section 7 of the Rules grants the State Animal Welfare Board the authority to inspect breeding establishments and revoke a breeder’s registration if they are found to be in violation of the Second Schedule rules.

In India, the responsibility for monitoring and regulating dog breeding falls on the State Animal Welfare Boards; however, many of these boards are either non-existent or have not convened for years. It is crucial to note that local law enforcement, including the police, often lacks knowledge about these regulations, therefore, it is essential to familiarize yourself with the relevant laws and raise issues if you find any of these being violated.

Pet Welfare Organizations

India is home to numerous pet welfare organizations and animal shelters dedicated to the well-being of pets and stray animals. These organizations play a vital role in rescuing and rehabilitating animals in distress. From national-level organizations – People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) and People For Animals (PFA) to local NGOs, animal activists, and rescuers, as a pet owner, you can collaborate with these organizations to ensure the welfare of your pet and contribute to the betterment of animal welfare in India. Many of these organizations provide valuable information and resources and raise awareness of responsible pet ownership.

Pet ownership comes with both rights and responsibilities. To be a responsible pet owner in India, it is crucial to stay informed about local regulations and guidelines and to prioritize the well-being of your furry companions. By doing so, you not only ensure that you are in compliance with the law but also contribute to a society that values and respects the rights of animals.

Also read: Mobile Ventures with a Purpose – Puneet Anand’s Azimuth Business On Wheels